Monthly Archives: July 2006

Why Podcasts Should Be Scripted…

I decided that I needed to become more familiar with podcasts and try to find a few that were worthwhile. I did a search in iTunes on education and technology and picked off the list. One I chose sounded familiar: Edupodder. The episode I listened to was a discussion of what a new media journalism class would look like. There were interesting ideas about how technology and online resources might be used as well as discussion about how the new media is influencing the old media.

On that last point–specificallly the relationship of traditional media outlets like The New York Times to new media such as the web–I think we as technologists should be careful making sweeping statements about which media will survive this transition. For instance, one speaker in the podcast seemed to feel as though aggregators were making newspaper such as the Times or The Washington Post obsolete. We would just go the Google News to get our news. But he has forgotten that Google News is not a new generator. They have no journalists on staff. No paid photographers. Instead, they simply organize the output of the news outlets in a new way. But they rely on those news outlets to provide content. Without the traditional media outlets supplying content, Google News would have nothing to display.

The major point of this post is to comment on one of the participants’ well-meaning but somewhat patronizing speech right at the end of the podcast about who would really benefit from more online learning.  I’ll begin by saying that I agree with his essential point: offering education online makes it accessible to lots more people.  If I take a more critical stance towards the vocabulary he uses to make that point, however, I am struck by his real lack of understanding of the lives of other people.  Here’s what he said that gave me pause:

“I do believe in educating the masses and there’s a lot of people who for whatever reason that can’t make it to class. Single mothers and stuff like that where they would have to take off work to go to class or like they’d miss picking up the kids and stuff. Now when they get home from their three jobs and picking up 20 kids [at which point there is laughter in the background] and making beds and all that stuff. But they can stay up late and at their leisure whenever they want look at it and take the information. I think that’s the greatest part about sites like Wikipedia. You can just get lost in your free time and then have this base of information that you learned.”

I was struck first by his sincere belief in “educating the masses.”  What does that mean in the 21st century?  Aren’t we all part of the masses?  Or are the masses those people who don’t have the luxury of sitting around a pizza parlor in San Jose ruminating on the future of education?  As I said, he’s certainly right that online educational opportunities would expand educational access to traditionally underserved populations.  (Is that just a fancy way of saying “educating the masses”?)

He did give us a glimpse of the masses he is taking about: “single mothers and stuff.”   I laughed out loud when, after painting a picture of this overworked, child-laden woman, he suggested that she can get online either “late at night” or “at her leisure.” Most likely, these two are synonymous, and our anonymous working mom would find it a challenge to set aside time to go online even if she could do it “whenever she wanted.” It takes a certain amount of either free time or the support of an employer to pursue educaiton whether face to face or online. The speaker here has a rather cavalier attitude towards this woman despite his best wishes for her future. It’s also interesting to me that he makes the assumption that this woman has a computer and Internet access.

So, one of my first impressions of podcasting–certainly a “new” media–is a rhetorical one: extemperaneous speech reveals cultural stereotypes and assumptions. The power of podcasting is the ability to capture that speech–the speech of individuals–and analyze it for these cultural revelations. Here we have a snapshot of the “single mom,” exaggerated but certainly arising from a particular shared definition. The speaker, however, only has a superficial notion of the reality behind the definition.  His speech reveals his cultural biases.

Ford Advertisement

Ford: Bold can’t wait Ad | BRAND INFECTION » Ads, Advertisements, Commercials

I suppose Walter Jacobs would say that I am becoming more media literate, but I went looking for advertisements that specifically seemed to send strong messages about race, gender, or sex.  In this case, it’s race and gender.  The ad for the Ford Cobra features a young African American boy wearing huge boxing gloves and standing in a typical fighting stance.  His face is serious, a clear message of toughness.  He can’t wait, it seems, to take on the world.

This depiction of boldness seems to carry a racial message: African Americans show their boldness through fighting.  The background of the picture suggests an urban location, with worn chain link fence and cracked sidewalk.  Is this the face of young black men to come?  Is this a young Muhamed Ali?  Certainly, an ad that showed someone “boldly” performing surgery or “boldly” completing a degree would not really help sell a muscle car like the Cobra.  But the choices made in this print ad play on cultural stereotypes.

MoMA.org | Research Resources | Edward Steichen at The Family Man

MoMA.org | Research Resources | Edward Steichen at The Family Man

Mirtzoeff, in the introduction to visual culture, discusses Edward Steichen’s famous photographic exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art.  It was supposed to display how photographs acted as “miror of the essential oneness of mankind throughout the world” (p. 194).

The series is now housed in the Chateau de Clervaux in Luxemborg.

Independence Day

In one of those odd coincidences, I finished reading Mirtzoeff’s introduction to visual culture in which he discusses science fiction, in particular the movie Independence Day.  I’ve only ever seen bits and pieces of it so it was a pleasant surprise to find it just beginning as I say down late last night.

According to Mirtzoeff, the film includes all previous forms of science fiction: “Its cueing of the audience is both a symptom of visual sophistication in an audience nurtured on video rental and a means of supplying a short-hand visual history to its target teenage audience” (p. 208).  Mirtzoeff ties the film to a present-day concern with America’s global authority.  The president in the film is modeled on Bill Clinton and the ideas of colonization and assimilation are tied to immigration reform.  But, Mirtzoeff admits, “Yet for most viewers Independence Day was not a political film” (p. 209).  In fact, as I watched what wasn’t a great film, I wondered if I would have even thought of the political angles if I hadn’t just finished reading about visual culture.  Walter Jacobs would say that I was not media literate then, if I missed the larger themes and references.   I did think it was interesting that the Africans were portrayed just for a second in tribal dress, shaking spears in the air.  It was certainly cinematic shorthand but is it racist, perpetuating images that were not even real in the 1930s, according to Mirtzoeff.

I think what bothered me about the film was the somewhat cavalier attitude towards the death of the average American.  The president kept saying little things about people dying, but if you think about the scope of this…literally millions dead…and it was just too coincidental and silly that the two women survived along with that dog.  I kept thinking…where did they get gas to drive that truck?  Maybe I’m just too realistic for the movies.

So, is this part of media literacy, the interpretation?  There is a part of me that is a little cynical: let’s kill off the fun of movies by having classes in interpretation, just as we managed to make Shakespeare dull by pulling apart every phrase and idea, hunting for Meaning.

In/sight: INTRODUCTION

In/sight: INTRODUCTION

The introduction to an exhibition at the Guggenheim of African photographers from 1940 to the present.  Found it by doing a search on “Samuel Fosso,” an African photographer that Mirzoeff discusses in his introduction to visual culture.  According to Mirtzoeff, Fosso “was amongst the first to use photography to challenge received notions of identity that has since become famous as the postmodern photographic style associated with Cindy Sherman and other American artists” (p. 188).